Showing posts with label tuning-means-improving-what's-already-there. Show all posts
Showing posts with label tuning-means-improving-what's-already-there. Show all posts

Sunday, 5 July 2026

Unclutching (fixing / welding up) a Yamaha XV starter clutch

 So imagine this, your beloved steed (in my case a Yamaha TR1, but the same will also apply to XV700s, late 750ies and of course 1100s), instead of greeting you with the much beloved sound of grinding and crunching starter gears, greets you with this noise

So it's disconnect the battery and take the left sidecover off time.

The name starter-"clutch" might be a bit misleading as it really is a one-way-clutch and as you can see in the clip below, the clutch in this engine is more an "open for everything" clutch. (Which is a great mindset in general, but a bit problematic, when the clutch is supposed to drive the engine in only one direction.)

As you can see, if you look at it closely, I already welded up the clutch once, but this didn't quite yield the results I wanted. (The tacks on the back sheered off.) 

In order to fix this mess, we need a starter clutch (I am using a broken one, which luckily I didn't throw away last time, a shaft for alignment of the parts (your starter will do just fine, I had the shaft from a broken starter, at least an angle grinder and a welder with some chest hair as the parts are relatively thick. I will do it in a slightly more elaborate way on the lathe, but that's really totally unnecessary as will come apparent over the course of this post. (But it's been like four or five years since I modified my last starter clutch and the first time to do it this way.)

All the parts as outlined above and an 18 tooth (XV1100) starter clutch, for a regular TR1 with the original starter, you'll need the 19 tooth version. 

The whole starter clutch is held together by the folded over lip on the back, which I carefully removed on the lathe. A simple cut through the thin metal shield perpendicular to the axis of rotation with an angle grinder would achieve exactly the same result in a lot less time. 


Peeling the metal shield back reveals the actual retainer plate and because everything is rather worn on this clutch, the gear can be pulled out. 

 


Plate, springs and pins inside can be discarded and the gear and the clutch housing be reinstalled on the shaft, in order to trim it back substantially, so it can be welded, where the two parts meet up.

At this point I have to admit, I used my trusty lathe as a rotary head and cut the housing with an angle grinder as it is STUPIDLY hard.

 

And yes, I cut it too far towards the end initially, but we'll call this a lightening cut to reduce rotational mass and improve starter acceleration. 😅
 

After cleaning the two parts can be welded together, obviously while assembled on the shaft, so they are in proper alignment. I did it with TIG and quite a few amps, but probably it could have done with even more and probably some quenching in between, because I think I properly tempered the part. (Undid the heat treating/hardening of the steel.)

 


If you trim it down a little further, so it is the same diameter as the gear on the back (or less), you can make it small enough so in theory the start can be removed w.o. taking off the cover. (Not yet tested, but in my mind none of the other starter components in there can fall out...)


 

Additionally I had to ream the bronze bushing inside the gear of mine, because it always had been an overly tight fit on the starter shaft and while this is a good thing for alignment, having to install it by hammering it onto the shaft certainly isn't for either the starter OR the starter clutch. (Normally this isn't necessary, but the clutch shown was one of the cheapest ones I could - and apparently for a reason.)


 And that's what it looks like, reinstalled. 


 Reinstall the cover, fill up with oil, hook up the battery and all the other bits you removed, cross your fingers, hope for the best ... you get the idea.


 And then... nothing.


 It does help to hook up the wire to the actual solenoid. Probably to the great dismay of a bunch of Yamaha engineers, it works just fine without the extra clutch between starter and flywheel. 

 

... but boy oh boy does the old girl sound fine, when she "just" fires up right. (Added bigger pilot jets and turned the air-screw in half a turn and she just starts like it's an EFI bike... perhaps even a bit better.)

 

So it does work remarkably well with the welded up / one piece drive sprocket. Even the initial repair would probably have been sufficient, if I am honest, but a few carb issues made starting a lot more difficult and the constant backfires eventually broke the welds. Not sure what would break this time, admittedly I am not overly keen to find out... 

Saturday, 16 May 2026

Recipe - Installation of MikuniOZ single carb manifold and VM38-9

 I have pointed it out more than once, I am not a fan of those single carb setups on Yamaha XV engines, but I am a huge fan of empirical research and when I found out a while ago that there's actually a dyno at a garage near my workshop, this sparked the necessary bit of extra interest to finally get going. 

As the Turbo TR1 is for this instance more or less a standard TR1 with stock exhaust the results should be almost universally applicable to XV750SE, TR1, XV1000 and XV1100 models. 

Jetting / Setup:

  • Pilot: 30 
  • Main: 185 
  • Stock needle, 3rd (middle position) 
  • Air-screw: 1.0 turns out from a soft seat 
  • K&N Pancake style air filter (63mm inlet diameter), type RC-0850 

 Additional bits:

  • 3x VM38-200 inlet rubbers 
  • 90 degree throttle cable guide
  • 4x M5x16 allen head bolts for the float bowl 

Installation:

First was the (somewhat sad) task of de-turbo-ing the Turbo TR1 and swapping the clutch cover for an unmodified one as the old one incorporated the turbo oil-drain port. 

Installation of the manifold is fairly straight forward, just bear in mind, you will need 3 VM38-200 inlet rubbers as the stock ones won't work.

 

In my case I also had to install a stock exhaust again, as for the time being I had no other exhaust available.



Initially I tried to fit the carb without a 90 degree guide and as should be rather apparent from the picture below this did not yield satisfactory results.

In the end the matter was solved with a custom throttle cable, made at least in part from a left over SR500 cable. 

 

As by now I had the setup on the dyno (even though not on the old Turbo TR1), but on the Everyday TR1 and ran it against a pair of VM38s and a pair of TM38s, I can tell you that with a lot of tweaking on can achieve about 2/3 of the stock max. hp and torque compared to a well dialed in (and not worn out) Hitachi. Compared to a pair of dual carbs, it's a fairly hopeless affair. The pair of TM38s yielded almost double the horsepower even though it was limited by sucking through the frame and (unknown to me at the time) a damaged throttle cable, which effectively ruined the sync between the carbs at certain openings and a needle which was too lean. 

Further reading:


Saturday, 9 May 2026

Recipe - Yamaha XV 1000 TR1 with TM38-86

 The following recipe is not meant as a straight up, blindly follow it and it'll work recipe, but as something that will get that engine moving and save you from going through what is at the point of writing an eight year journey through TM38-land. 

If you just want the jetting that works for me on a TM38-86 (stock settings in brackets):

  • Pilot: 17.5 (22.5)
  • Main: 190 (230)
  • Needle: 6FJ40 (6FJ41)
  • Needle Jet: Q2
  • Slide cut out: 4.0mm
  • No Air jet 

On top of the carbs, I would recommend buying:

  • 40 degree throttle cable guide
  • 2in1 throttle cable 51-6506
  • a set of allen head bolts as the stock JIS are very soft
    • 4x M3x10
    • 4x M4x16
    • 8x M520 
  • 2x 90 degree silicone reducer bends going down from 64 to 57mm 
  • 2x VM38-200 inlet rubbers 

Assembly:

I started with unscrewing the splitter and then GENTLY clamping the cables in the vice using the splitter as a funnel to oil both sets of cables, as they are almost completely dry from the factory and become a lot smoother, if oiled properly. 


Then hooked up the cable and replaced all the hardware for stainless allen bolts with plenty of copperslip on the threads. Also a bit of grease goes a VERY long way on the paper gasket of the carb top and prevents it from sticking to the carb body and subsequently tearing apart.




The stock jetting of #22.5, #230, 1.5 turns on the airscrew is probably a good starting point, if you run huge velocity stacks or something like that, but after all those years of testing, it is too rich on the pilot and mains, yet the stock needle will cause some serious lean condition in the mid range. 

The difference between a 6FJ41 and a 6FJ40 is basically impossible to spot, which is good, because the needles are very similar in dimensions.


Swapping needles is a bit tedious and quite frankly it is easier, if you unhook the throttle cable from the little doohickey, which locks the needle in place and serves as a mount for the throttle cable.

... and in with those TM38s. Please not the zip-tie on the (short) throttle cables, this turned out to be one of those really important little modifications as it prevents the cables from snagging AND helps a lot with keeping them in sync. The (used to be) red velcro strap holds the cable splitter to the ignition box and again makes sure nothing moves around which helps tremendously with keeping everything in sync.


Conclusion:

When you swap jets, needles and do so many other things and there actually IS a 2-stroke version of the same carb, one can't help but start looking at that one, going with the specification of TM38-102:

  • Pilot: 25
  • Main:  340
  • Needle: 6FJ40
  • Needle Jet:  Q2
  • Slide Cut Out: 4.0mm
  • Air-Jet: 2.5 

In short, one could most likely save quite some money, by buying the 2-stroke version and just removing the air-jet that is threaded into the back of the carb and then only having to jet it to suit.

 

Quite frankly, I have spent a metric TON of hours on setting these and other carbs up and they work really, really spectacularly now. Even the mileage, most likely due to the improved mid-range has improved dramatically. I can ride the bike in a very laid back fashion and I managed to achieve a personal best of 5.77L/100km / 49mpg(UK), but a low 6-ish L/100km / 47mpg(UK) is absolutely realistic with this setup. Oil-temps stay under control on the Autobahn (!), with 160 kph (100mph) power-cruising being absolutely possible now. 

Further reading:

Friday, 26 December 2025

La Macchina - making her rideable (part 2.1)

 It's time to catch up a bit - not only is the old Guzzi registered by now (as a solo), but is actually almost ready to get re-registered as a sidecar. 

Somewhere along the way the red tank turned black...

 

... and then it was time to rejet the carbs - those floorboards are actually really, really handy.

Jetting, which works rather well with cheap pod filters and the stock exhaust:

Mainjet: 130
Pilot: 50
Needle: K18/3
Starter jet: 70
Atomiser: AR268 

Next stop was an oil-change.




 A bit of oil on the choke cable (only to burn through the sheath a little later, because I routed it too close to the exhaust).

And afterwards do the most racing thing I know - turn an old oil bottle into a catch can. (If you ever get the chance to look under the hood or work on an older F1 car... you'll find them everywhere.)


I also got me a set of reasonably priced cast wheels - guess what the seller forgot to mention in the advertisement.




 ... and lastly there was the task of converting a Cagiva Elefant right-side handlebar control, so I could get rid of the enormous throttle cable assembly on the Guzzi. (Which in my case was broken and wouldn't stay put on the bars.)



Turns out, they are identical internally and are just using different plugs at the end. 



Throw in a bit of the usual maintenance and the old girl passed her inspection without the slightest problem. The fact that I was rather lucky to make it back home... well that was something I didn't know about.